Birth, Infancy & Toddlerhood

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=140 BGCOLOR="#9966CC" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="04100a20ezthtv.gif"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kings Psychology Network"><U><B>home</B></U></A><B>     |     </B><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Papyrus" ><I><B>King's Psychology Network</B></I></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="id104.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Discussion ForumPsy 230"><U>Discussion Forum-Psy 230</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id207.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Theories on Development"><U>Theories on Development</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id123.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Genetics Genetic Engineering"><U>Genetics & Genetic Engineering</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id122.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Conception Prenatal Development"><U>Conception & Prenatal Development</U></A>   |   <B>Birth, Infancy & Toddlerhood</B>   |   <A HREF="id175.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ChildhoodEarly Middle"><U>Childhood-Early & Middle</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id184.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Adolescence"><U>Adolescence</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id188.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Centenarians"><U>Centenarians</U></A></div> <div> <B>Birth, Infancy & Toddlerhood</B></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#CCFF66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <IMG SRC="351c5940.jpg" border=0 width="197" height="148" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Eden, a newborn</div> <div> <IMG SRC="353c5940.jpg" border=0 width="197" height="148" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Sister Anna, welcomes Eden</div> <div> <IMG SRC="355b5880.jpg" border=0 width="181" height="136" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Sister Anna kisses Eden</div> <bR> <div> See them in childhood on the discussion forum pages.   Click above on "Childhood-Early and Middle."</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id313.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Course SyllabusPSY 430UB"><U><I>Course Syllabus-Psy 430</I></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id264.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Course SyllabusPSY 230"><U><I>Course Syllabus-PSY 230</I></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id103.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lessons, Case Studies Handouts"><U><I>Lessons, Case Studies & Handouts</I></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id86.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Related Learning Links"><U><I>Related Learning Links</I></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id238.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Related Readings"><U><I>Related Readings</I></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id104.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Discussion ForumPsy 230"><U><I>Discussion Forum</I></U></A></div> </td> <td valign="top" height=340 BGCOLOR="#CCFF66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>BIRTH, INFANCY & TODDLERHOOD</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Alternative Birth Method</U></B></div> <div> Describe one alternative birth method you might consider in giving birth.  What advantages and disadvantages would this particular method offer and why would you choose this particular method?</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Midwifery</U></B></div> <bR> <div> What are the advantages and disadvantages of having your baby delivered by a certified nurse-midwife or a certified midwife rather than by a doctor in a hospital?</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Low Birthweight</U></B></div> <div> It is sometimes said that our current rates of low birthweight and infant mortality are indicators of a number of social problems.  Why might this statement be made?</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Low Birth Weight and Impact on Family</U></B></div> <div> What is the economic impact on a family if a baby is born with a low birth weight?  What can parents (both mothers and fathers) do to reduce the risk of low-birth-weight babies?</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Crying Babies</U></B></div> <div> What advice would you give to parents who believe that picking up a baby when she or he cries will "spoil" the baby?</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Breastfeeding</U></B></div> <div> What specific changes in policies or practices do you think would increase the rate of breast-feeding in your country?</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Nutrition in Infancy</U></B></div> <div> Malnutrition in infancy can seriously impair an infant's brain because the nervous system is the most rapidly developing body system during the first two years.</div> <bR> <div> <I><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Macronutrient malnutrition </I>results from a diet that contains too few calories.  It is the leading cause of death of children under the age of five.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">When the calorie deficit is severe, a disease called<I> </I><I>marasmus</I> results.  Infants with marasmus weigh less than 60 percent of the weight expected for their age, and many suffer permanent neurological damage from the disease.  Most also suffer from parasitic damage from the disease which makes it very difficult to treat marasmus by simply increasing an infant's intake of calories.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Some infants' diets contain almost enough calories, but not enough protein, which can lead to a disease called kwashikor.  It is common in countries where infants are weaned too early to low-protein foods.  Like marasmus, kwashikor can lead to a variety of health problems as well as permanent brain damage.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f099000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Most nutritional problems in industrialized societies involve micronutrient malnutrition.  It is a deficiency of certain vitamins and/or minerals, such as iron or calcium.  such deficiencies, although more common among the poor, are found in children of all economic levels.  iron-deficiency anemia may impeded both social and language development.</div> <bR> <div> It is clear that nutrition in infancy is essential to the health and development of children.  Identify policies and procedures that could be implemented to increase the nutrition of infants.  What long-range economic benefits could result?        </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> Manual for Lifespan Development,  Bee and Boyd (2002), prepared by Karen Saenz. Allyn & Bacon.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>